Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors as Immunomodulatory Drugs
نویسندگان
چکیده
Los niveles intracelulares de nucleótidos cíclicos (cAMP, cGMP) tienen un papel esencial en la regulación de múltiples funciones de las células inmunes. Las fosfodiesterasas (FDEs) son un grupo grande de enzimas que ejercen un papel muy importante en la regulación de los niveles intracelulares de nucleótidos cíclicos. La pentoxifilina es un inhibidor no específico de FDE que tiene diferentes efectos sobre células inmunitarias. Este fármaco inhibe la activación, proliferación, adhesión, polarización y quimiotaxis de linfocitos T. Además, la pentoxifilina bloquea la síntesis de diferentes citocinas pro-inflamatorias, principalmente del factor de necrosis tumoral-α (TNF-α). En este sentido, se ha descrito que este fármaco tiene un efecto benéfico en diferentes enfermedades inflamatorias y mediadas inmunológicamente. Por otra parte, el rolipram es un potente inhibidor específico para la familia 4 de las FDE (PDE4) que muestra propiedades inmunomoduladoras y antiinflamatorias similares a la pentoxifilina. Además, rolipram ejerce un efecto inhibidor sobre diferentes fenómenos involucrados en reacciones alérgicas o de hipersensibilidad inmediata, incluyendo la síntesis de citocinas Th2, la producción de IgE y la activación de basófilos y eosinófilos. Los inhibidores de FDE son un grupo muy interesante de substancias que tienen un gran potencial terapéutico para el tratamiento de enfermedades inflamatorias y mediadas inmunológicamente.
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